【摘要】形填空题有救了！3个步骤，5个技巧，7篇练习，做一遍，考试再提10分！更多中考信息可关注闽州教育中考资讯专栏。
完形填空是一种测试学生语言水平和实际运用语言能力的综合性题型。考生需要具备一定的词汇量和语法知识，而且还必须具备一定的阅读理解能力、分析能力和逻辑推理能力。要想提高完形填空的答题正确率，除了具备比较扎实的语言基础知识和一定的综合运用基础知识的能力外，还需要掌握一定的解题步骤和技巧。 解题步骤 1 快速浏览，重视首句 在浏览文章时，我们既要重视文中诸如人名、时间、连词之类的关键词，抽取重要的信息点，也要注意不要在具体的细节上花费太多时间。看句子、抓主干、看大意、抓结构就可以了。 还需要特别注意的是，完形填空的首句一般不设空。因为首句是整篇文章信息的开端和起点，决定了下文信息流动的方式和方向，也为整篇文章提供了足够的背景信息，所以我们要高度重视文章的首句。 2 通读全文，先易后难 快速浏览完文章后，我们已经初步了解了文章的主旨大意，接下来，我们就要通读全文，把所给的几个选项分别填入空白处所在的句子中。在做完形填空题时，我们一定要注意在语境理解上下功夫，抓住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系，注意连词、代词、插入语等的作用。 另外，我们往往会发现有些空白处在快速浏览阶段就可以填出，而有些在通读全文后答案都不是很明朗。遇到这种情况，不要慌张，在把其余空白处的内容“复原”后，我们对语境的了解就会更加清晰、更加准确，这时再来啃那些“硬骨头”就会比较容易。 3 复读全文，验证答案 相对于前面两步，第三步往往不被考生注意。完形填空来自于一篇完整的短文，我们的任务是还原短文原貌。我们只有复读短文，才能感悟出所选答案和原文是否匹配，上下文是否自相矛盾，语篇衔接是否顺畅。在复读的过程中，我们可能会发现有些选项需要重新考虑。 解题技巧 1 利用上下文线索解题 对于大部分完形填空题，我们需要通过上下文的线索解题。有些解题的线索就在题目的附近；有些解题的线索比较远，甚至要跨段去寻找线索。 2 利用重复词语、派生词、近义词等解题 被选作完形填空材料的文章一般前后呼应，主题明确，往往会有词语重复出现，或者以其派生词、近义词等其他形式出现的现象，这类题目一般比较容易解答。 3 利用语法知识解题 虽然完形填空的考查越来越淡化语法，但是一个语义连贯的语篇必须是符合各种语法关系的。因此考生在解题时可以将几个选项分别代入空中，对句子进行语法分析、判断，从而缩小答案范围或选出正确答案。 4 利用文化背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理 完形填空题的语篇有时会渗透着相关的文化背景知识和生活常识，如：科学知识、历史知识、地理知识、风俗民情、民族习惯等。在做题时，如果能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断思维过程，节省宝贵的时间。 5 排除干扰，去伪存真 我们在做完形填空题时，有时会遇到这种情况：对某个题目的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明白，但发现其他选项却有显而易见的谬误，这时，我们可以尝试用排除法。 需要注意的是，很多时候判断一道完形填空题的正确答案要从多角度考虑，把语境、语法、常识等有机结合起来。同时也可以从某个角度选出答案，再从其他角度对答案进行印证。总之，大家在掌握这些解题技巧之后，要注意灵活运用到解题过程中，以提高自己的解题能力。 专项练习 先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 A Acapulco is a dream place for many tourists. The wonderful city in Mexico welcomes over 20 million foreign visitors a year. It’s easy to 1 because there are a lot of taxis and buses. Acapulco 2 its wet season in the month of June and this lasts till October. Don’t go during this period because it’s very 3 . Go from November to May because the weather is dry and sunny. You can go fishing in Acapulco Bay and play golf next to the sea. There are theme parks and water parks 4 all the family. In spring, it’s a popular place with American students — don’t go in April because there are so many students at that time. Finally, don’t 5 the cliff divers (悬崖跳水者). No visit to Acapulco is complete without watching the cliff divers perform their wonderful jumps. ( )1. A. get popular B. get off C. get lost D. get around ( )2. A. enters B. passes C. shares D. checks ( )3. A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. windy ( )4. A. of B. to C. for D. with ( )5. A. help B. meet C. become D. miss B If you move to a foreign country, there will be a big change in lifestyle. Take the 1 for example. In the United States, it may be different from the kind you are 2 . In the United States, most people take a shower once a day in the morning. The showerhead is usually fixed on the wall and cannot be 3 . The bather simply stands under the water, gets 4 , scrubs (擦洗) with soap and often a washcloth, and then rinses off (冲洗). Children often take a bath each night and 5 playing with small toys such as boats and rubber ducks. Many adults, 6 women, prefer a relaxing bath to clear their minds of stress at work and get a good night’s sleep. It is 7 to remember that when you take a shower or bath in the United States, you should be careful to 8 the water inside the bathtub (浴缸) or shower. Unlike bathrooms in many other countries, there is no drain (下水道) in the floor. If water gets on the floor, it cannot go anywhere and must be 9 at once. It can also cause problems for the 10 . So be careful. ( )1. A. bathroom B. garden C. bedroom D. kitchen ( )2. A. known for B. good at C. used to D. interested in ( )3. A. bought B. moved C. seen D. covered ( )4. A. cold B. clean C. hurt D. wet ( )5. A. finish B. continue C. enjoy D. practice ( )6. A. simply B. certainly C. clearly D. especially ( )7. A. dangerous B. strange C. exciting D. important ( )8. A. keep B. press C. touch D. add ( )9. A. put up B. given up C. cleaned up D. picked up ( )10. A. toys B. brushes C. floor D. water C It was a dark September morning. There was a storm at sea. A ship had been driven onto a low rock off the shores (海岸) of the Farne Islands. It had been 1 in two by the waves (海浪), and half of it had been washed away. The other half still lay on the rock, and those of the crew (全体船员) who were still 2 were in great danger. However, waves were breaking over it, and soon it would 3 be carried to the bottom of the sea.Could anyone 4 the poor men who were out there?On one of the islands there was a lighthouse. Grace was the 5 of the lighthouse keeper and she had lived beside the sea for her whole life. In the darkness of the night, above the noise of the wind and waves, she 6 wild cries. When daylight came, she saw the poor sailors.“We must try to save 7 !” she said to her father — the lighthouse keeper. “Let’s go out in the boat at once!”Grace’s father said that it was of no use 8 the waves were too strong.However, Grace said, “We can’t just stay here and watch them die.” Her father knew she was 9 .In a few minutes they were ready and they 10 in the heavy lighthouse boat. It was very hard to reach the men, but 11 the brave girl and her father made it. One by one, they helped the cold, tired sailors onto the 12 . And soon they were all safe in the lighthouse. There Grace became a very good 13 . She took good care of the men until the storm died away and they were 14 enough to go to their own homes.This 15 a long time ago, but the name Grace Darling will not be forgotten. ( )1. A. born B. burned C. broken D. developed ( )2. A. sick B. alive C. silent D. asleep ( )3. A. ever B. still C. also D. only ( )4. A. save B. believe C. thank D. control ( )5. A. sister B. mother C. daughter D. grandmother ( )6. A. hated B. heard C. avoided D. remembered ( )7. A. him B. her C. you D. them ( )8. A. unless B. though C. until D. because ( )9. A. safe B. afraid C. right D. smart ( )10. A. found out B. set out C. worked out D. hung out ( )11. A. suddenly B. finally C. mostly D. normally ( )12. A. boat B. plane C. train D. bus ( )13. A. teacher B. writer C. nurse D. actress ( )14. A. rich B. strong C. brave D. careful ( )15. A. started B. failed C. happened D. appeared D I’m Steve and I teach science in a secondary school. I’m also 1 all the computers and computer systems (系统) in the school. I really love working with young people. My job can be stressful because students 2 have a lot of questions about science and there are almost no simple answers to give them. When the computer systems 3 working, it is my job to solve the problem. That is really exciting. I’m always busy. After school hours, I hold a computer club 4 students. It’s great fun, but we don’t play games — it’s serious business! I love my job and to a young person who wants to be a(n) 5 like me, I would say, “Make sure you know your subject very well.” ( )1. A. good at B. happy with C. thirsty for D. responsible for ( )2. A. also B. ever C. always D. still ( )3. A. try B. stop C. finish D. continue ( )4. A. to B. for C. about D. in ( )5. A. teacher B. engineer C. scientist D. businessman E In 1806, Napoleon Bonaparte, the ruler of France, had a problem. He’d 1 his sugar-growing islands in the Caribbean. He 2 buy sugar from his enemies. So where was he going to get sugar to keep his people happy? Napoleon knew that years before, a German scientist had 3 that all plants have sugar. And he had even found one almost as 4 as sugarcane (甘蔗) — the white beet (甜菜)! Napoleon ordered his science team to find out 5 to get the sugar out of the beets. They soon did. This changed 6 ! Sugar beets can 7 in the cold north, instead of on tropical (热带的) islands. And because beets (unlike sugarcane) can be stored (贮存) for a long time, they could be shipped far away. So sugar factories didn’t have to be 8 the farms.Soon, sugar beet farms spread all over Europe and Russia, and later in the United States. 9 Napoleon’s enemies loved cheap beet sugar. During WWII, farmers in both America and Germany were asked to grow sugar beets so that their countries would have 10 sugar. Today, about half the table sugar in the world comes from beets, and half from sugarcane. ( )1. A. lost B. found C. forgotten D. remembered ( )2. A. could B. couldn’t C. need D. needn’t ( )3. A. joked B. suggested C. imagined D. discovered ( )4. A. heavy B. sweet C. beautiful D. fresh ( )5. A. why B. how C. when D. where ( )6. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something ( )7. A. mix B. grow C. fall D. change ( )8. A. near B. behind C. through D. between ( )9. A. Even B. Perhaps C. Once D. Yet ( )10. A. real B. special C. enough D. expensive F Scientists believe the earth is 4.6 billion (十亿) years old. However, the mountains, valleys (山谷), rivers, deserts and forests we see today are much 1 than that. For example, Qomolangma is about 60 million years old and the Amazon Rainforest is about 55 million years old. The Baltic Sea, the youngest sea in the world, is 2 about 15,000 years old. The earth is always 3 because of volcanoes (火山), earthquakes and, of course, wind and rain. Some of these changes are very 4 and others are quick. Water and ice can make very big changes to the planet. 5 , glaciers (rivers of ice) can cut through mountains and make deep valleys. It’s 6 for our planet to change. But at the moment scientists think it’s changing faster than usual. They don’t understand everything that is happening but they know that 7 are rising. Besides, the weather is getting wetter in some places and drier in others, and there are more big storms. However, these changes are not bad for everyone. 8 the Arctic (北极) is getting warmer, some people in Greenland now own businesses that grow and sell vegetables. That wasn’t 9 50 years ago. Farmers in Greenland like the warm weather and 10 it will continue. ( )1. A. older B. bigger C. smaller D. younger ( )2. A. hardly B. only C. rather D. forever ( )3. A. falling B. moving C. changing D. giving ( )4. A. slow B. usual C. bad D. clear ( )5. A. In fact B. In total C. After all D. For example ( )6. A. interesting B. possible C. normal D. important ( )7. A. costs B. crimes C. pressures D. temperatures ( )8. A. Though B. If C. Because D. Unless ( )9. A. clear B. possible C. hard D. serious ( )10. A. hope B. agree C. warn D. regret G Dear Kate,It’s really good to know that you’re taking my place while I’m away doing this training course. Thanks so much. I’m 1 you’ll get on well with the kids.I think I should 2 you some notes on a couple of things that are planned for this week, and some 3 that might be helpful!● Tuesday: The class is going to 4 the Dinosaur Museum. Make sure they take their notebooks and 5 them on Monday to bring a packed lunch and some money.● Thursday: I’ve 6 them they can watch a Disney movie. The DVD is on my desk. There are some worksheets (活页练习题) to go with it. By the way, don’t worry about marking them — I’ll do it 7 I get back.● The photocopier (复印机) is very temperamental (反复无常的)! A good kick will make it work 8 !● Don’t use the coffee cup 9 a snowman on it — it’s Dave’s. He will be 10 if someone uses his cup! Don’t ask for trouble.● Don’t 11 school. If you get to school even a minute past 8:15, the headmaster will talk to you. 12 , hope you’ll have a great week — the kids are really wonderful. But don’t let Mark and Jack sit together. If they do, you may have some disciplinary (有关纪律的) 13 ! If you do have any problems, mention 14 to the headmaster. She’s very supportive when it comes to discipline. One last thing — could you please take notes for me to let me know what you did?See you next 15 !Best wishes, Stef ( )1. A. glad B. sure C. sorry D. proud ( )2. A. leave B. read C. return D. lend ( )3. A. answers B. projects C. suggestions D. examples ( )4. A. visit B. describe C. choose D. introduce ( )5. A. join B. greet C. remind D. teach ( )6. A. answered B. believed C. corrected D. promised ( )7. A. before B. when C. since D. until ( )8. A. again B. aloud C. often D. already ( )9. A. of B. against C. with D. about ( )10. A. shy B. mad C. quiet D. surprised ( )11. A. be afraid of B. be late for C. be worried about D. be harmful to ( )12. A. Secondly B. Recently C. Lastly D. Usually ( )13. A. manners B. habits C. games D. problems ( )14. A. us B. him C. her D. them ( )15. A. hour B. week C. month D. year 参考答案 A) 1-5 DABCD B) 1-5 ACBDC 6-10 DDACC C) 1-5 CBCAC 6-10 BDDCB 11-15 BACBC D) 1-5 DCBBA E) 1-5 ABDBB 6-10 CBAAC F) 1-5 DBCAD 6-10 CDCBA G) 1-5 BACAC 6-10 DBACB 11-15 BCDDB
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